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Washington Metro

admin — Thu, 30 Dec 2010 10:06:16 +0000

History

Metro under construction at the Navy Yard in 1989

During the 1960s, there were plans for a massive freeway system in Washington, but opposition to this freeway system grew. Harland Bartholomew, who chaired the National Capital Planning Commission, thought that a rail transit system would never be self-sufficient because of low density land uses and general transit ridership decline. Finally, a mixed concept of a Capital Beltway system along with rail line radials was agreed upon. The Beltway received full funding; funding for the ambitious Inner Loop Freeway system was partially reallocated toward construction of the Metro system.

Intersection of ceiling vaults at Metro Center, a major transfer station

In 1960, the federal government created the National Capital Transportation Agency to develop a rapid rail system. In 1966, a bill creating WMATA was passed by the federal government, the District of Columbia, Virginia, and Maryland, with planning power for the system being transferred to it from the NCTA.

Interior of a rehabilitated Breda car

WMATA approved plans for a 98-mile (158 km) regional system in 1968, and construction began in 1969, with groundbreaking on December 9. The system opened March 27, 1976, with 4.6 miles (7 kilometers) available on the Red Line with five stations from Rhode Island Avenue to Farragut North, all in the District of Columbia. Arlington County, Virginia was linked to the system on July 1, 1976; Montgomery County, Maryland on February 6, 1978; Prince George’s County, Maryland on November 20, 1978; and Fairfax County, Virginia and Alexandria, Virginia on December 17, 1983.

The 103-mile (166 km), 83-station system was completed with the opening of the Green Line segment to Branch Avenue on January 13, 2001. This did not mean the end of the growth of the system: a 3.22-mile (5.18 km) extension of the Blue Line to Largo Town Center and Morgan Boulevard opened on December 18, 2004. The first in-fill station, New York Avelorida Aveallaudet U on the Red Line between Union Station and Rhode Island Ave-Brentwood, opened November 20, 2004, and planning is underway for an extension to Dulles Airport.

Station display indicating approximate wait-time for upcoming trains

Metro construction required billions of federal dollars, originally provided by Congress under the authority of the National Capital Transportation Act of 1969 (Public Law 91-143). The cost was paid with 90% federal money and 10% local money. This act was amended on January 3, 1980 by Public Law 96-184, “The National Capital Transportation Amendment of 1979″ (also known as the Stark-Harris Act), which authorized additional funding of .7 billion to permit the completion of 89.5 miles (144.0 km) of the system as provided under the terms of a full funding grant agreement executed with WMATA in July 1986, which required 25% to be paid from local funds. On November 15, 1990, Public Law 101-551, “The National Capital Transportation Amendments of 1990″, authorized an additional .3 billion in federal funds for construction of the remaining 13.5 miles (21.7 km) of the 103-mile (166 km) system, completed via the execution of full funding grant agreements, with a 63% federal/37% local matching.

The highest ridership for a single day was on the day of the inauguration of Barack Obama, January 20, 2009, with 1,120,000 riders. It broke the previous record, set the day before, of 866,681 trips. June 2008 set several ridership records: it set the single-month ridership record of 19,729,641 total riders, the record for highest average weekday ridership with 772,826 weekday trips, had five of the ten highest ridership days, and had 12 weekdays in which ridership exceed 800,000 trips.

In February 2006, Metro officials chose Randi Miller, a car dealership employee from Woodbridge, Virginia, to record new “doors opening”, “doors closing”, and “please stand clear of the doors, thank you” announcements after winning an open contest to replace the messages recorded by Sandy Carroll in 1996.

Metro network

See also: List of Washington Metro stations

System maps

Stylized map of existing lines and stations, based on official published map

Map of system drawn to scale

Since opening in 1976, the Metro network has grown to include five lines, 86 stations, and 106.3 miles (171.1 km) of track. The rail network is designed according to a spoke-hub distribution paradigm, with rail lines running between downtown Washington and its nearby suburbs. The system makes extensive use of interlining running more than one service on the same track. There are five operating lines and one line under construction:

Line Name

Opened

Stations

Termini

Red Line

1976

27

Shady Grove – Glenmont

Blue Line

1977

27

Franconiapringfield – Largo Town Center

Orange Line

1978

26

Vienna/Fairfax-GMU – New Carrollton

Yellow Line

1983

17

Huntington – Fort Totten / Mt Vernon Sq/7th St-Convention Center

Green Line

1991

21

Branch Ave – Greenbelt

Silver Line (under construction)

2013

23

Route 772 – Stadium-Armory

There are 40 stations in the District of Columbia, 14 in Prince George’s County, 12 in Montgomery County, 11 in Arlington County, 6 in Fairfax County, and 3 in the City of Alexandria. The Silver Line will add 11 new stations, 8 in Fairfax County and 3 in Loudoun County, Virginia.

About 50 miles (80 km) of Metro’s track is underground, as are 47 of the 86 stations. Track runs underground mostly within the District and high-density suburbs. Surface track accounts for about 46 miles (74 km) of the total, and aerial track makes up 9 miles (14 km). At 196 feet (60 m) below the surface, the Forest Glen station on the Red Line is the deepest in the system. There are no escalators; high-speed elevators take 20 seconds to travel from the street to the station platform. The Wheaton station, next to Forest Glen station on the Red Line, has the second-longest continuous escalator in the world, the longest in the Western Hemisphere, at 230 feet (70 m). The Rosslyn station is the deepest station on the Orange/Blue Line, at 97 feet (30 m) below street level. The station features the third-longest continuous escalator in the world at 205 feet (62 m); an escalator ride between the street level and the mezzanine level takes nearly two minutes.

The system is not centered on any single station, but Metro Center is at the intersection of the Red, Orange and Blue Lines, the three busiest lines. The station is also the location of WMATA’s main sales office. Metro has designated five other “core stations” that have high passenger volume, including: Gallery Placehinatown, transfer station for the Red, Green and Yellow Lines; L’Enfant Plaza, transfer station for the Orange, Blue, Green and Yellow Lines; Union Station, the busiest station by passenger boardings; Farragut North; and Farragut West. In order to deal with the high number of passengers in transfer stations, Metro is studying the possibility of building pedestrian connections between nearby core transfer stations. For example, a 750-foot (230 m) passage between Metro Center and Gallery Place stations would allow passengers to transfer between the Orange/Blue and Yellow/Green Lines without going one stop on the Red Line. Another tunnel between Farragut West and Farragut North stations would allow transfers between the Red and Orange/Blue lines, decreasing transfer demand at Metro Center by an estimated 11%.

Metro runs special service patterns on holidays and when events in Washington may require additional service. Independence Day activities require Metro to adjust service in order to provide extra capacity to and from the National Mall. WMATA makes similar adjustments during other events, such as presidential inaugurations. Metro has altered service and used some stations as entrances or exits only to help manage congestion.

Rolling stock

Main article: Washington Metro rolling stock

Train of Rohr cars arriving at the Cheverly station

Metro’s fleet consists of 1,126 rail cars, each 75 feet (23 m) long. Trains have a maximum speed of 59 miles per hour (95 km/h), and average 33 miles per hour (53 km/h) including stops. All cars operate as married pairs (consecutively numbered even-odd), with systems shared across the pair. Metro currently operates 850 cars during rush hours. 814 cars are in active service, and the remaining 36 cars compose…

Payday Advance Loan in Washington – Format of Easy Endorsement

admin — Thu, 29 Jul 2010 18:51:25 +0000

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The Best Educational Experiences in Washington, DC

admin — Sun, 18 Jul 2010 17:39:46 +0000

can give teachers and education administrators

travel a boost to excite many students on their university courses. Travel program brings to life while teaching that students need throughout their lives. As a former middle school head, I found that education will travel together with the overall supply of the education program for young adolescents. This is especially important today to face pressure on teachers and students are ready to pass mandated academic tests increases.

During my years teaching in college, I learned that young adolescents can learn a lot of valuable experience to make both the information they develop is in a position in the class and skills for help personally. Unfortunately, some young people are never able to study, without discussion to take their school. Thus, college professor, a young boy to help complete the training they include in their educational travel program.

Once you’ve decided to stay in your student card belonging to education, there are plans and important decisions that affect the success of their travel experience. This article focuses on the selection of the best educational sites in Washington, DC, for a class or a trip quality.

The best time to organize such a trip is during the seventh or eighth year, when the Middle School social studies curriculum on the history of the United States. A study tour to Washington, DC on the occasion of this year may provide significant benefits for the individual and the whole school.

All groups of students to travel to Washington, DC should tour the White House and U. S. Capitol. The relationship of classroom instruction are endless. It is important to note demanding that the popularity of both sides with the recent surge of national security, coupled now that the nomination would be ahead by a senator or state representative.

Then I recommend you to visit as many as possible of the following:

- Ford’s Theater and the />